You can use this function in Javascript :
onkeyup="if(this.value.length>(max value)){this.value=this.value.substring(0,5);alert('(Warning Text)')}"
Example :
<h:inputTextarea value="#{myController.bigtext}" onkeyup="if(this.value.length>500){this.value=this.value.substring(0,5);alert('The maximum value is 500 characters')}" styleClass="form-control"/>